Monday 20 February 2012

Analysis of the Opening Sequence of Once Upon a Time in America (1984, Directed by Sergio Leone)

The first shot is of a woman's shadow. This silhouette and the noir lighting (created by the dimly lit room)immediately establilsh the film as a thriller, with the dark feel and generic noir lighting.


Eve entering the dimly lit room - the lack of light makes the lighting noir-like
When the light is turned on, you see the woman who is wearing a fur coat and pearls - immediately esdtablishing her character as a femme fatale figure, another thriller convention. Within seconds, you know that the film is thriller.

The light that is turned on to reveal the character, Eve, creates chiaroscuro light, establishing an uneasy, unsettling area. As Eve pulls back the covers to find the drawn shape of a body on the bed, the radio in the background pays "God Bless America". This provides irony and juxtaposition, as Eve is discovering a crime at the same time the song is praising America. The over the shoulder shot here (as seen below) helps you to relate with the character and understand her situation and feelings. It also makes you emphasize with the character and want to support her, which makes her death soon after this shot have more of an impact than if a random woman who you have no connection with had been shot at the start of the film.


Eve discovering the shape of a body on the bed
When Eve is cornered by the men (who are wearing stereotypical gangster costumes, establishing their characters straight away), many close-up shots are used to help involve you in the scene and make you feel as if you are there. This gives the events of this opening scene more impact. The aforementioned costumes, which support the generic thriller characters (glamorous, attractive femme fatale and wealthy, arrogant gangsters who can buy expensive clothes), help to establish the genre of the film. The costumes and what they connote (femme fatale and gangster) immediately tell you that this film is a thriller.

Sunday 19 February 2012

Doctor Who - Series 2 - "Fear Her" - Opening Scene - Analysis of Representation

TV Drama - Dr Who

Holby City - Series 14 Episode 18 - Opening Scene - Analysis of Representation

TV Drama Opening Scene Analysis

Hustle - Series 8 Episode 2 - Opening Scene - Analysis of Representation

Hustle TV Drama Representation Analysis

Friday 17 February 2012

Casino Royale Analysis - Differences between the Thriller and Action/Adventure Genres

The film "Casino Royale" (2006, directed by Martin Campbell) is a great thriller/action-adventure film. This film could be classed as a thriller, but there are some sequences where the film turns into an action-adventure film where the main character, James Bond, performs stunts that are unrealistic and manages to survive an onslaught of gunfire. However, the grittiness of the film, along with more realistic fights and settings, make it much more of a thriller than previous Bond movies. To show the two genres this film spans, I have chosen two scenes and analysed them.

Thriller: The opening black and white scene


This opening scene is a great example of a thriller scene. It starts with a car drawing up to a building - the area is lit by chiaroscuro light from the street lamp. this suggests that, like the lack of light, there is a lack of good and peace in this area. The black and white used in this opening sequence is used for multiple reasons - it shows that the sequence is in the past, it is a reference to older noir thrillers (e.g. Psycho), and creates a hostile atmosphere. There are many shadows used in this sequence - this implies that the area contains many dark secrets and mysteries. The room where the man is confronted by Bond is small and cramped - this is a generic thriller location. Also, the flashback to the toilet where Bond murders someone (the black and white also tells us that this is also a flashback) has many thriller conventions in it. The location, a small, claustrophobic, grimy toilet is a generic thriller location. This location has been used in many other thrillers, such as Witness (the murder sequence) and Psycho (the shower scene), providing intertextual links to other thrillers. Showers and toilets are used at other points in this film, such as when Bond fins Vesper upset and sitting in the shower. This strengthens the intertextual link. The gritty, desperate fight and murder tells us immediately that this is not a light-hearted family film - it is a thriller, with a new, physical, gritty James Bond character. This is reinforced by other scenes in the film, especially the torture scene.

Action/Adventure: The chase scene near the start of the film
This chase scene, where Bond chases a target through building sites and national embassies,  is primarily an action/adventure sequence. The chase begins with a great bird's eye view shot to set the scene and inform us of everything that is happening immediately. The first  major point that makes this an action/adventure sequence is when the mark fires a gun at Bond through the windshield of the digger James Bond is driving. All of the bullets miss Bond - while this is possible, as many bullets hit the windshield of the small compartment where Bond is, it is unlikely they would miss. In addition, the two characters perform quite extreme parkour when they are in the pursuit. On the other hand, this is not over the top - trained agents such as Bond would be able to perform some of the stunts performed. When the mark is climbing up the building site, he is also extremely accurate with a pistol (during the over the shoulder shot, which brings you more into the character's situation and his shooting), even though he barely looks down the sight and the targets are far away. This is highly unlikely, but for excitement purposes, it is manufactured. When Bond and the mark both reach the very top, panning and tracking shots are used to display the whole scene. It immediately tells you what is happening, and it makes the events at the top of the industrial site more epic and breathtaking. The hand on hand fight at the top is probably the best example of Hollywood action/adventure in the whole film. The characters always mange to hang on, defying gravity. It is likely that one would lose their footing as they are fighting in an extremely narrow place. Finally, when the characters make huge jumps and perform impressive stunts, they take little damage when they fall or hit the ground. There is little blood anywhere in the scene - the characters just get dirty. Realistically, the characters would take more damage - but for reasons such as keeping the characters looking good, they do not take much visible damage.

At the end of this scene, you are told an important thing about this incarnation of James Bond's character. He goes through all of this to get the mark alive, but when he is cornered right at the end, he kills the mark because he will not be able to capture him. This shows a large amount of recklessness, which is then highlighted again multiple times in the film.

Other noteworthy aspects of the film:

The main enemy of the film, Le Chiffre, carries an inhaler and has a problem that makes him "weep blood". This tells us many things about the character. His inhaler highlights a weakness - asthma. This can be taken advantage of - Bond bugs his inhaler when in the Casino Royale. "Weeping Blood" implies evil. Immediately, it makes us think of him as sinister, dangerous and evil.
James Bond bugging Le Chiffre's inhaler - a weak point of the character

Le Chiffre weeping blood
A key scene in the film is the torture scene. After this scene, the film turns into a romance story, but this serves as the final chapter in Le Chiffre's role as the main enemy of the film. The chiaroscuro lighting in this scene makes the location more unsettling and uncomfortable. The location for this key scene is a generic thriller location - dark, damp, cramped, and claustrophobic. The whole scene is gritty and dark - possibly the darkest in Bond history. The close-up shots involve you more into the scene, making the torture more horrific. When Le Chiffre is killed,there is a low angle shot of his killer, with Le Chiffre pleading for his life outside of the shot. The low angle shot makes his killer seem more dominant and powerful.
Torture scene - chiaroscuro lighting on display
The next scene is in a location that seems like paradise - this provides a huge contrast between the torture scene and the scene where Bond regains consciousness. This makes the two scenes seem like hell and heaven. The opening shot of Bond's eyes has intertextuality with other thrillers, such as the infamous shot of Marion Crane's eye in Psycho - this strengthens the film's link with thrillers and the thriller genre.

At the end of the film, a character with spectacles is seen. One glass of his spectacles is blacked out - this immediately tells you he is corrupted by darkness and evil - this tells you how to think of him straight away.

Vesper using her sex appeal to distract the poker players
The film is quite stereotypical is terms of gender. The female characters are often sex symbols - hence the term "Bond girls", while the men are powerful figures - Bond, Le Chiffre, etc. There are exceptions, however. "M" is a powerful female figure who is looked up to. She can even intimidate Bond, and make him back down. Also, the female figures are often strong characters, as well as being sex symbols. e.g. Vesper is a powerful, intelligent agent. She is a great example of a femme fatale - she uses her attraction to manipulate 
people e.g. when she is used in the Casino Royale to distract the players with her beauty. She also tricks everyone at the end by betraying Bond just as you think they are going to set out on a happy life together. This could be a negative female representation, however - she is untrustworthy. Also, her tricks catch up with her, as she dies at the end of the film. The femme fatale is a thriller convention - this again reinforces the film's link to the thriller genre, rather than the action/adventure genre.

Felix - a good representation of black people
Furthermore, most of the black characters in this film are enemies, criminals or bad men. This is a very negative representation of black people. The one exception is Felix - a trustworthy, good-natured character who is a good ally to James Bond in the film. He is a positive representation of black people.

Wednesday 8 February 2012

Cast List for our Thriller

Joshua "J" Cody from Animal Kingdom
Jonathon Cody

Teenage Boy - Played by James Winterburn

Jonathon Cody is the main character of our thriller. The reason behind his first name is that Jonathon is usually associated with good people. Jonathon also means "gift of god". This compliments the sense of him being a character you want to support.

The second name is inspired by the main family of criminals from Animal Kingdom. This provides an intertextual reference and a thriller signifier. It also relates the character of Jonathon to crime and murder, as well as the character of Joshua (or "J") in Animal Kingdom - another person caught up in their family's dark secrets.

Eve Cody

The mother of Jonathon Cody - Played by Mrs. Winterburn (James' mother)

Janine "Smurf" Cody from Animal Kingdom
The name eve has been inspired from the Adam and Eve story - this makes the mother into a loving, good figure that is slightly tainted by greed and darkness - like the angelic Eve that steals an apple from the Tree of Knowledge.

The surname Cody has already been explained. Just like the character of Jonathon Cody relates to "J" from Animal Kingdom, Eve Cody relates to the mother in the criminal family from Animal Kingdom. This character is called Janine 'Smurf' Cody. Just like the mother in our thriller, she is a loving mother who cares for her family, but she also has a dark, secretive and mysterious history and background.

The Enigmatic Group

The enigmatic group will have a link with Eves death as well as her son, Jonathon.

We have had many discussions concerning the enigmatic gang following the Cody family. We had decided to use a linked 4-digit code (like binary) as the mark on each character's hand. This would tell the audience that the family is linked to the gang, as both the gang and the family would have the code - but each code would be slightly different e.g. 0001 and 0002 for two different members of the enigmatic group. This would also have linked with the surname Cody - we were thinking of having the surname of Codey to link the code aspect in more significantly. However, after debating this aspect of out thriller with our teacher, we decided to remove this code as it was becoming too confusing for the audience, and it would be hard to explain the code in two minutes without speech. We then went back to our original idea of a mark (hence the temporary name of "Marked" for our thriller), such as a crescent moon that would reflect the fact that the group is dark and hidden, or a deadly, stealthy animal e.g. a cobra symbol. However, we have decided to completely remove the mark now. We will edit our footage so that the characters are linked. We will do this by following shots of an enigmatic figure with Jonathon Cody, and so on.

Examples of mark designs:

Cobra symbol
Crescent moon symbol

Monday 6 February 2012

First Attempt at Filming our Thriller (Unsuccessful Clips)

These are the clips from our first attempt at filming our thriller. We encountered a significant problem with these clips - while we were trying to set the thriller at night, the footage was much too dark to be used - as you will see in the clips above, it is difficult to see anything in some of the clips. We got around this problem by using a different camera, which has been much more effective for lighting.

Audiences and Institutions Essay: How do Institutions Target Specific Audiences in the Industry you have Studied?





First Page: Question, marking and comment page
Pages 2, 3, 4, and 5: Essay